Level: Class 2 (Primary 2) | Subject: Mathematics | Topic: Numbers to 1000, Multiplication, and Division | Curriculum: Ghana NaCCA
Class 2 children build significantly on what they learned in Class 1. Numbers now extend to 1000. Multiplication is introduced as repeated addition, and division as equal sharing. These are the four pillars of arithmetic that children will use for the rest of their lives.
Numbers to 1000
In Class 1, children learned numbers up to 100. Now we go further, introducing hundreds and working up to 1000.
Understanding Hundreds, Tens, and Ones
| Number | Hundreds | Tens | Ones | How to Say It |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 234 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Two hundred and thirty-four |
| 506 | 5 | 0 | 6 | Five hundred and six |
| 718 | 7 | 1 | 8 | Seven hundred and eighteen |
| 900 | 9 | 0 | 0 | Nine hundred |
| 1000 | 10 (or 1 thousand) | 0 | 0 | One thousand |
Writing Numbers in Words
- 100 = one hundred
- 200 = two hundred
- 350 = three hundred and fifty
- 475 = four hundred and seventy-five
- 699 = six hundred and ninety-nine
- 1000 = one thousand
Ordering Numbers to 1000
To order numbers from smallest to largest (ascending) or largest to smallest (descending), compare the hundreds digit first, then the tens, then the ones.
Example: Put 432, 243, 324 in ascending order: 243, 324, 432.
Multiplication: Repeated Addition
Multiplication is a faster way of doing repeated addition. Instead of adding the same number over and over, we multiply.
Example: Instead of writing 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12, we write 3 × 4 = 12. We say: “3 multiplied by 4 equals 12.” The symbol × means multiply.
Multiplication as Equal Groups
- 2 × 5 means “2 groups of 5” = 5 + 5 = 10
- 3 × 4 means “3 groups of 4” = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12
- 5 × 3 means “5 groups of 3” = 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 15
Multiplication Tables for Class 2
Children should know the 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10 times tables by heart.
| × 2 | × 3 | × 4 | × 5 | × 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1×2=2 | 1×3=3 | 1×4=4 | 1×5=5 | 1×10=10 |
| 2×2=4 | 2×3=6 | 2×4=8 | 2×5=10 | 2×10=20 |
| 3×2=6 | 3×3=9 | 3×4=12 | 3×5=15 | 3×10=30 |
| 4×2=8 | 4×3=12 | 4×4=16 | 4×5=20 | 4×10=40 |
| 5×2=10 | 5×3=15 | 5×4=20 | 5×5=25 | 5×10=50 |
| 6×2=12 | 6×3=18 | 6×4=24 | 6×5=30 | 6×10=60 |
| 7×2=14 | 7×3=21 | 7×4=28 | 7×5=35 | 7×10=70 |
| 8×2=16 | 8×3=24 | 8×4=32 | 8×5=40 | 8×10=80 |
| 9×2=18 | 9×3=27 | 9×4=36 | 9×5=45 | 9×10=90 |
| 10×2=20 | 10×3=30 | 10×4=40 | 10×5=50 | 10×10=100 |
Properties of Multiplication
- Order does not matter: 3 × 4 = 4 × 3 = 12
- Multiplying by 1 gives the same number: 7 × 1 = 7
- Multiplying by 0 gives zero: 9 × 0 = 0
- Multiplying by 10 adds a zero: 6 × 10 = 60
Division: Equal Sharing
Division means splitting a number into equal groups. The symbol ÷ means divide. Division is the opposite of multiplication, just as subtraction is the opposite of addition.
Division as Sharing
If you have 12 mangoes and want to share them equally among 3 children, each child gets 12 ÷ 3 = 4 mangoes.
Division as Grouping
If you have 20 biscuits and put them into groups of 5, you can make 20 ÷ 5 = 4 groups.
The Connection Between Multiplication and Division
Knowing your multiplication tables makes division easy because they are fact families:
- 4 × 3 = 12, so 12 ÷ 3 = 4 and 12 ÷ 4 = 3
- 5 × 6 = 30, so 30 ÷ 6 = 5 and 30 ÷ 5 = 6
- 2 × 9 = 18, so 18 ÷ 9 = 2 and 18 ÷ 2 = 9
Division Word Problems
- 15 children are put into 3 equal groups. How many children are in each group? (15 ÷ 3 = 5)
- A trader has 24 oranges and packs them in bags of 4. How many bags does she fill? (24 ÷ 4 = 6)
- GH₵20 is shared equally among 5 friends. How much does each person get? (20 ÷ 5 = GH₵4)
Practice Questions: Numbers, Multiplication, and Division
1. What is the value of the digit 5 in the number 537?
Reveal Answer
2. What is 7 × 5?
Reveal Answer
3. 18 groundnuts are shared equally among 3 children. How many does each child get?
Reveal Answer
4. Which number comes between 499 and 501?
Reveal Answer
5. A farmer has 40 yams. He packs them equally into 10 bags. How many yams are in each bag?
Reveal Answer
Next topics: Class 2 Mathematics: Measurement, Fractions, and Data Handling | Class 2 OWOP: Ghana’s Natural Resources