Education Always

Level: JHS, Basic 7  |  Subject: Integrated Science  |  Strand: Humans and the Environment  |  Topic: Science and Industry

Curriculum reference: NaCCA Basic 7 Integrated Science, Strand 5 (Humans and the Environment). Written from the standard NaCCA topic list. Please check against the curriculum PDF.

1. What is Industry?

• Industry is the use of science, tools and machines to change raw materials into finished products.
• A raw material is a natural material used to make something else.

2. Raw Materials and Products in Ghana

Raw material	Product	Industry
Cocoa beans	Chocolate, cocoa powder, cocoa butter	Cocoa processing (Tema, Takoradi)
Cassava	Gari, starch, ethanol	Food processing
Palm fruit	Palm oil, soap	Oil and soap making
Shea nuts	Shea butter	Cosmetics and food
Bauxite	Aluminium	Metal industry
Gold ore	Gold bars, jewellery	Mining
Cotton	Cloth and thread	Textile industry
Timber	Furniture, plywood	Wood industry
Fish	Smoked, canned fish	Fish processing

3. Types of Industry

• Primary: collects raw materials (farming, fishing, mining, logging).
• Secondary: changes raw materials into products (factories, bakeries, soap making).
• Tertiary: offers services (transport, banking, teaching, health).

4. How Science Helps Industry

• Better machines save time and increase production.
• Science helps preserve food (canning, drying, freezing).
• It improves quality and safety through testing.
• It creates jobs and income for families and the country.

5. Effects on the Environment and Safety

• Factories can release smoke, chemicals and noise.
• Mining may damage land, forests and rivers (as in galamsey).
• Workers should wear helmets, gloves, boots and masks, and follow safety rules.
• Industries should treat waste before releasing it.

Remember: Industry changes raw materials into useful products. Good industry protects workers and the environment.

Education Always (education.inspiringalways.com). Original notes written to follow the NaCCA Basic 7 Integrated Science curriculum.